Lesson 22 1. Ovation: enthusiastic and prolonged applause; an enthusiastic reception or tribute 2. Palatial: like a palace; magnificent and grand 3. Panorama: a wide; unbroken view of the surroundings 4. Paramount: chief in importance; supreme; dominant 5. Passive: acted upon rather than acting; yielding without resistance; submissive 6. Patio: a paved terrace for outdoor eating and lounging; an inner court open to the sky 7. Perceptible: noticeable; observable; palpable; perceivable 8. Perennial: adj. perpetual; enduring n. a plant that lasts through all the seasons or for many years 9. Perspective: the effects of distance or depth on the appearance of objects; point of view 10. Pessimistic: expecting things to turn out badly; gloomy
Lesson 23 1. Plaintiff: a person who initiates a lawsuit; the complaining party 2. Plaintive: mournful; melancholy; sad; sorrowful 3. Poach: to trespass on someone’s land, especially to hunt or fish illegally; to cook in simmering liquid 4. Ponderous: large, heavy, and clumsy; dull and tiresome 5. Potency: power; strength; force 6. Potion: liquid, especially one used as a poison or in medicine or magic 7. Precedent: an act that serves as an example for later acts 8. Predatory: inclined to prey on others (by robbery, killing, etc.) 9. Premature: too soon; too early; before the proper time 10. Preposterous: completely contrary to nature, reason, or common sense; absurd; ridiculous; foolish
Vocab 20 & 21
Lesson 20 1. Misconstrue: to misinterpret 2. Moor: n. a large, open area of land, often marshy and with heather growing on it; v. to keep a boat on place with ropes or cables fastened to the shore; to fasten 3. Morbid: having abnormal interest in the unwholesome; gruesome 4. Murky: dark; gloomy; misty; hard to understand 5. Nauseate: to make sick or queasy; to cause to feel disgust or loathing 6. Necessitate: to cause to be necessary; to force; to compel 7. Negotiate: to arrange or bring about an agreement to deal with or manage 8. Nimble: deft; light and quick; agile 9. Nominal: in name only, small; not worth considering 10. Nonchalant: apparently unconcerned or uninterested; casually indifferent
Lesson 21 1. Obsession: a preoccupation; and idea, feeling, or impulse that a person cannot escape 2. Obtuse: not sharp-edged or pointed; blunt; intellectually and emotionally insensitive; dull 3. Omen: a sign of what is to happen in the future 4. Ominous: threatening; foreboding; sinister 5. Opaque: not letting light through; not transparent; dark; hard to understand 6. Oppressive: tyrannical; hard to take; physically or mentally distressing 7. Optimistic: expecting the best; inclined to look on the bright side; cheerful 8. Oratory: skillful public speaking 9. Orthodox: adhering to accepted beliefs, especially in religion; approved or conventional 10. Ostracize: to banish; to shut out or exclude from a group
Vocab 18 and 19
Lesson 18 1. Jovial: full of playful good humor; genial and jolly 2. Jurisdiction: authority of power; the limits or territory governed by an authority 3. Kindle: to set on fire; to ignite; to arouse or excite 4. Landlocked: entirely surrounded by land; cut off from the sea 5. Larceny: theft; unlawful taking and carrying away of another’s property 6. Lavish: (adj) very generous in giving or spending; costly; abundant (v) to give or spend freely 7. Lax: loose or slack; relaxed; careless; not strict 8. Lethal: deadly; causing or capable of causing death 9. Liability: something for which one is legally responsible; a debt; a disadvantage or drawback 10. Maintenance: support or upkeep of something; means of support or livelihood
Lesson 19 1. Malicious: mean; spiteful; mischievous 2. Manifest: (v) to show plainly; to reveal (adj) easy to see or understand; obvious; evident 3. Manipulate: to operate or control with the hands; to handle; to control or influence dishonestly, unfairly, or shrewdly 4. Meander: to follow a twisting, turning course; to wander without direction 5. Medieval: characteristic or suggestive of the Middle Ages 6. Meditate: to think quietly and deeply 7. Medley: a mixture of things that are usually not placed together; musical piece made up of tunes from various works 8. Metamorphosis: change of form or structure by magic; a change in form or function as a result of development 9. Metaphor: a figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using words such as like or as 10. Mimic: (n) one who imitates another (v) to make fun of by imitating; to copy closely
Vocab 12 and 13
Lesson 12
Formidable: hard to overcome or deal with; causing fear; awe-inspiring
Fraternize: to associate in brotherly or cordial way; to be friendly with enemy troops
Frenzied: wildly excited; frantic
Frivolous: silly, not important
Functional: useful; practical
Galvanize: to arouse suddenly, as if by electric shock; to cover with a thin coating of zinc
Garb: (n) clothing; external appearance
(v) to clothe
Gaudy: tastelessly cheap and showy; flashy
Genealogy: an account of the descent of a person or family from ancestors; lineage
Genial: favorable to growth or human comfort; kindly and friendly
Lessson 13
Granular: contains grains or granules
Grueling: exhausting; very tiring or annoying
Haphazard: left to chance; not planned; random
Havoc: very great destruction caused by natural calamity or war; devastation
Hectic: very exciting or confusing; hurried
Herald: (n) someone who carries messages or announces things to come
(v) to announce to foretell
Hereditary: of or passed down by inheritance from an ancestor; transmitted or passed on from parent to offspring through genes
Hideous: horrible; very ugly; disgusting
Hindrance: an action, person, or thing that hinders; impediment; an obstacle
Hoax: a mischievous trick or deception, usually intended to fool the public
Vocab 10 & 11
Lesson 10 1. Emissary: a person sent on a mission to represent another’s interests; an agent or a messenger 2. Encore: (n) a further performance given on audience demand(v): to demand further performance 3. Entice: to tempt; to attract; to lure 4.Epic: (n) a long poem about the adventures of a great hero(adj) impressive; grand in scope 5. Equation: a statement of equality; a process of making equal; a state of equality 6. Eradicate: to remove all traces of; to erase; to uproot; to eliminate 7. Essence: the fundamental nature of something; a defining feature; an extract of a substance 8. Evict: to force a person by law to leave a building the person has leased or rented 9.Exasperate: to irritate or annoy greatly 10. Expend: to use up; to spend
Lesson 11 1. Exploit: (n) a bold or brilliant act(v) to make unfair use of 2. Extremity: the outermost or utmost point; a hand or a foot 3. Extrovert: a person who is outgoing and interested in others 4. Fallacy: a misleading or false idea; mistaken reasoning 5. Fatality: a death; the capability of causing death; deadliness 6. Fauna: animal life of a specified region or time 7. Fervent: emotional; hot; burning; extremely devoted or earnest 8. Figurative: not literally true using figures of speech 9. Flora: plant life of a specified region or time 10. Fluent: able to use a language easily and skillfully; flowing smoothly; effortless
Vocab 8 & 9
Lesson 8
Denounce: to condemn openly; to accuse formally; to inform against
Depict: to picture in words; to represent in a picture or sculpture; to describe
Depreciate: to lessen in value or in price; to belittle; to lessen the importance of
Devout: deeply religious sincere and heartfelt
Dexterity: skill in using the hands or body; mental skill or cleverness
Diligent: hard-working; industrious
Discreet: care in speech and action; tactful; modest; prudent
Discretion: good judgement; wise caution; individual freedom to judge
Discriminate: to make distinctions; to distinguish small differences; to show prejudice
Disperse: to spread or distribute widely; to scatter to dispel
Lesson 9
Disrupt: to disturb or interfere with the order or progress of; to break apart
Dissuade: to persuade someone not to do something; to discourage
Docile: easy to manage or teach; obedient
Drastic: severe; extreme; harsh
Dubious: causing doubt; uncertain; questionable
Dupe: (n.) a person easily deceived or tricked (v.) to deceive someone
Dwindle: to become less and less; to decrease; to shrink
Elapse: to slip away or to pass (used of time)
Elude: to escape from or to avoid, using quickness; to escape the understanding of
Emerge: to come into view; to become visible; to become known
Vocab 6 & 7
Lesson 6 1. Collaborate: to work together; to cooperate with an enemy 2. Collateral: (adj.) parallel in time, rank, etc.; related to the main subject secondary (n) anything that guarantees the fulfillment of a loan or obligation 3. Comply: to act in accordance with customs or rules 4. Condolence: sympathy for someone’s grief or sorrow; an expression of sympathy 5. Congeniality: the quality of having the same tastes; compatibility; friendliness; agreeableness; pleasantness 6. Congruent: coinciding exactly; in agreement 7. Connive: to cooperate secretly; to join secretly in another’s wrongdoing; to scheme 8. Conspiracy: secret planning (usually unlawful or harmful); a plot or secret plan 9. Contaminate: to pollute; to make impure; to spoil 10. Contemptible: mean; low; hateful; deserving scorn Lesson 7 1. Cope: to deal with; to handle problems or difficulties 2. Credentials: written evidence showing that a person has a right to a certain position or authority 3. Culmination: the peak; the highest point; the climax 4. Cumbersome: clumsy; unwieldy; hard to move 5. Cynic: a person who believes that people act only from selfish motives; a scornful person 6. Deficient: lacking some essential quality; defective; incomplete 7. Defile: to make filthy or dirty; to corrupt 8. Defraud: to take away or deprive of a right or property by deceit; to swindle 9. Demoralize: to undermine the confidence or morale of person or a group; to dishearten 10. Denote: to be a sign of; to indicate; to signify; to mean explicitly
Vocab List 4 & 5
Lesson 4 1. Benefactor: a person who has given help; a patron 2. Benign: not harmful; gentle; good-natured 3. Bibliography: a list of books or essays on a particular subject or by a particular author 4. Bilingual: able to use two languages well; written or spoken in two languages 5. Biographical: having to do with a person’s life; giving the story of a person’s life 6. Bisect: to divide in two equal parts; to divide or fork 7. Bizarre: odd; fantastic; grotesque; unusual or unconventional 8. Bland: pleasant; soothing; mild; dull 9. Brochure: a pamphlet 10. Buoyant: able to float; able to bounce back after reverse or setback; cheerful
Lesson 5 Cadence: a rhythmic flow or pattern (as in poetry); the time or beat of the movementin dancing or marching Carnivorous: flesh-eating Cascade: (n) a small, steep waterfall; something falling in a shower (v) to fall or drop with a rushing movement Centrifugal: moving or directed away from a center or an exis; outward Chivalry: a medieval code of knighthood; honor; courtesy Chronic: lasting a long time; constant; habitual Chronological: arranged in the order in which things happened Circumscribe: to draw a line around; to restrict; to limit; to encircle Citadel: a fortress overlooking a city; a stronghold; a place of fortification Clamber: to climb with difficulty, using hands and feet; to scramble
Vocab List 2 and 3
Lesson 2 1. Agility: an ability to move quickly and easily; nimbleness 2. Agitation: a violent shaking; an emotional disturbance or excitement; the arousal of public interest in social or political issues 3. Alleged: claimed or stated without proof; unproven; questionable; so-called 4. Allusion: an indirect reference; a passing mention 5. Aloof: cool or distant in a relationship with others; indifferent 6. Alteration: the process of adjusting or changing; a change or an adjustment 7. Amends: something done or paid to make up for an insult, wrong, or injury 8. Amity: friendship; peaceful relations, as between countries 9. Animated: filled with life; lively; seeming alive; lifelike 10. Annals: a written account of the events of successive years; historical records Lesson 3 1. Apathy: lack of interest, concern, or spirit; indifference; lack of feeling 2. Apparition: a ghost; a phantom; an appearance seen suddenly 3. Applicable: suitable to be applied; appropriate 4. Arrogance: overbearing pride; a lack of regard for others 5. Assassin: the murderer of an important person or public official 6. Assess: to determine the rate of charge or about to be paid; to set a value on for taxation; to evaluate 7. Asterisk: star-shaped mark (*) used in printing (often to indicate a footnote) 8. Attribute: (v) to think of as belonging to or coming from a particular person or thing; togive as the reason or cause; to regard as a characteristic of a person or thing (n) a characteristic or quality of being a person or thing 9. Autonomous: self-governing; independent 10. Belligerent: warlike; ready to fight